Increase your income by attracting thousands of followers, fans, and friends to your Twitter, Facebook, and MySpace by using free content from www.SocialOpine.com. 
An analysis of the demarcation problem in science and its application to therapeutic touch theory.
This paper analyses the demarcation problem from the perspective of four philosophers: Popper, Kuhn, Lakatos and Feyerabend. To Popper, pseudoscience uses induction to generate theories, and only performs experiments to seek to verify them. To Popper, falsifiability is what determines the scientific status of a theory. Taking a historical approach, Kuhn observed that scientists did not follow Popper's rule, and might ignore falsifying data, unless overwhelming. To Kuhn, puzzle-solving within a paradigm is science. Lakatos attempted to resolve this debate, by suggesting history shows that science occurs in research programmes, competing according to how progressive they are. The leading idea of a programme could evolve, driven by its heuristic to make predictions that can be supported by evidence. Feyerabend claimed that Lakatos was selective in his examples, and the whole history of science shows there is no universal rule of scientific method, and imposing one on the scientific community impedes progress. These positions are used in turn, to examine the scientific status of therapeutic touch theory. The paper concludes that imposing a single rule of method can impede progress, in the face of multiple epistemologies, and the choice of scientific approach should be a pragmatic one based on the aims of the programme.
Int J Nurs Pract. 2007 Dec;13(6):324-30. Newbold D, Roberts J. Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery at King's College London, London, UK. david.newbold@kcl.ac.uk
Posted: 02/14/2008
This article provided by The International Hypnosis Research Institute.
Enter your email address to subscribe to the IHRI Newsletter.
|
Banish Fears & Phobias With Hypnosis!This specially designed hypnosis session will easily and effortlessly allow you to eliminate fears & phobias in your life working at a deep inner mind level.
|
|
Enjoying Dogs without Fear!This powerful session will help you overcome your fear of dogs using hypnosis to deactivate phobic responses,leaving an intuitive way to respond to dogs based on calm perception.Regain choice about how you respond to dogs.
|
|
Freedom from Fear of Death!This hypnosis session will desensitize situations that may have triggered the phobia.Re-program your inner mind to allow you to appreciate rather than fear death.Listen to your own inner guidance to live a richer life.
|
